西夏王陵: 在历史与文化的长河中穿越
西夏其实是一个残梦,遗留在宁夏平原遥远而模糊的记忆中。
Western Xia, a broken dream, lingers in the remote and vogue memories of Ningxia Plain.
这是2007年八月。燥中带凉的西北风从腾格里沙漠吹来,将我送到素有“东方金字塔”美称的西夏王陵,在历史与文化的长河中,在迢迢千里之外,作一次千年的穿越。
In August 2007, when the cool gentle wind was blowing from the Tengger desert, I travelled to Ningxia where the Western Xia Imperial Tombs stand and the tombs enjoy the reputation of being the “Oriental Pyramid”. I came here from far away to experience the life thousands of years ago.
总面积达50多平方公里的西夏王陵坐落在距银川市区大约35公里的西郊,是国内现存规模最大、地面遗迹保存最为完整的帝王陵园之一,堪比北京的明十三陵。9座王陵宛如太阳系9大行星,140多座王公大臣的陪葬墓则仿佛140多颗大大小小的流星群,将贺兰山东麓这片东西宽约4．5公里、南北长约10公里的冲积扇地带点缀得星光灿烂。
The Western Xia Imperial Mausoleum, with a total area of more than 50 square kilometers, is located in the western suburbs about 35 kilometers away from Yinchuan, and is one of the largest and the most well-preserved imperial tomb over the ground in China among all the existing mausoleums, comparable to the Ming Tombs in Beijing (Thirteen tombs of Ming Dynasty). The nine mausoleums of the Western Xia Imperial Tombs resembles the nine planets in the solar system, while over 140 courtier’s subordinate tombs seem like numerous meteor swarms. The whole imperial mausoleum which dotted with the alluvial fan in the east of Helan Mountain, and the alluvial fan is 4.5 kilometers wide from west to east and around 10 kilometers long from north to south.
据志书载：“李王墓贺兰山之东,数冢巍然,即伪夏所谓嘉、裕诸陵是也。其制度仿巩县宋陵而作。”每座帝陵占地约10万平米,均有地下陵寝、墓室、地面建筑和园林,呈纵向长方形制,自成独立完整的建筑群体。陵台以夯土筑成,七层八角,逐层内收,每层收分处为檐木结构,并挂有瓦当、滴水和屋脊兽；夯土台外部有砌砖包裹,陵台外形呈塔状。陵园平面总体布局,按照我国传统的以南北为中轴线、左右对称的格局排列,兼容了唐宋帝陵形制的建筑布局和基本特点,而在陵台、墓室、碑亭、角台方面,又具备西夏独有的建筑风格,形成了汉文化、党项文化和佛教文化并蓄的特色。
According to local records, Western Xia imperial tombs are situated in the east of Helan Mountain, dozens of tombs rising proudly, where Jia Ling and Yu Ling are there (the two tombs of Li Jiqian and Li Demin respectively). The basic burial form of the tomb is similar to Song mausoleum in Gong County. With underground catacombs, vaults, surface structures and gardens, each tomb covers an area of around 100,000 kilometers, shaping like vertical rectangle, and forms an independent and complete complex. The tombs are built of rammed earth, being octagonal in shape and having seven layers and eight angles. Layer-by-layer contracts, and the joint of two layers is an eaves structure with tiles, a shape of the tile and the groove between two tiles are a kind of design, which prevents water from eroding the wall, and anima ornaments. The outer spaces of tombs are made of bricks, and the shape is like a tower. The overall layout of the mausoleum adapts Chinese traditional structure that the central axis is a north-south line which runs through the mausoleum, and both sides are symmetrically comparable with the layout and characteristics of the imperial mausoleums in Tang and Song Dynasties. However, the tombs, catacombs, tablet pavilion, angular tables have its unique styles. In general, the mausoleums of Western Xia feature the combination of ethnic Han culture, Tangut culture and Buddhist culture.
正是秋夏之交,脚下的银川平原见不着南方的麦浪滚滚稻谷飘香。站在人流如蚁之上望去,最高最大的三号陵——昊王陵在空廓辽远中尽显笃朴厚重,斑驳陆离的夯土陵台、残垣断壁和遍地瓦砾好似一道天问,在北方特有的酸枣树厚实油亮的绿叶和郁郁葱葱针尖麦芒般的松枝杉叶掩映下,在“绝壁千仞,松林如海”的贺兰山苍劲而雄浑的背影里,无言矗立。此时,清秋的晨曦银丝一般飘洒过来,将“头戴黑冠、身佩弓矢、长袖白衣”的李元昊“旗手开道、自骑骏马”的英武身影,从南到北,从碑亭、月城到宫城,拖得好长好长,让我在无端的惊悸中,一下梦回西夏。
At the turn of summer and autumn, crops have not been ripe yet, so we can admire the view of rolling wheat and smell the rice fragrance. Standing at the highest and largest tomb 3, Hao Ling appears modestly and stately in the open area, where the rammed earth tombs and debris are everywhere, constituting a scene of desolation and ruin. Hao Lin, shaded by verdant Zizyphus Jujube and lush coniferous trees, and hidden in the precipitous and heavily-wooded back of Helan Mountain, stands there alone. I was dreaming through the first light of the dawn, feeling that I was back to Western Xia where I seemed to see Yuanhao wearing black helmet, bow and arrow and white cloth. His figure could be seen everywhere from north to south, even in the tablet pavilions, Yue City and the palace, and did not dissipate immediately.
(二)
八百年前的今天,即公元1227年夏,注定有两件大事震惊世界：一是“全人类的皇帝”成吉思汗在清水（今甘肃清水县）行宫染病身亡；二是随着66岁的铁木真临终前的剧烈咳嗽,强大的西夏王朝终于在更为强大的蒙古铁骑下轰然坍塌。
In the summer of 1227AD, almost 800 years ago, there were two major striking events that Genghis Khan, a great leader, was infected and died in his palace in Qingshui County, and the second one was that, after the death of Genghis Khan, aged 66, the powerful Western Xia was conquered by Mongol armies.
这是一个属于个人和时代的悲剧。所以,当十万蒙古大军踏过巍巍贺兰山,连破西夏军事重镇黑水、兀剌海、沙州城后,又在“一代天骄”成吉思汗的亲率下自北路浩浩浩荡穿过沙漠,至黄河九渡,攻占应理（今宁夏中卫县）、灵州,围攻西夏首都中兴府时,我好像听到一声重重的叹息,从1048年的缝隙中穿空而至——那是西夏开国皇帝元昊发自内心的忏悔与警告。事实是：半年后,中兴府城内粮尽援绝,瘟疫流行,即位才一年的夏帝李睍绝望中不得已遣使乞降。此时,已身患斑疹伤寒且日趋严重的成吉思汗表示同意。七月,帝族人随同蒙古军行至萨里川,成吉思汗卒,但密不发丧,刚继承汗位的窝阔台为了防止西夏反悔,按成吉思汗遗嘱将他杀死,党项族随后被全部灭掉。这样,曾经与大宋、大辽“三足鼎立”、号称“宋代三国”的西夏,在经历了189年的风云后,连同它强悍的民族精神,以及被称为“天书”、“绝学”的西夏文字,一夜之间灰飞烟灭,只留下西夏王陵、承天寺塔、拜寺口双塔、黑水城等为数不多的神秘遗址,供后人凭吊。
This is a tragedy that belongs to individuals and times. Hundreds of invincible troops matched over the towering Helan Mountain, and even broke several towns including Heishui County, Wula County and Shazhou County. After that, Genghis Khan led the army and advanced north cross the vast desert to Jiudu of Yello River (a name of a wharf), occupied Yinli, Linzhou and besieged the Zhongxing prefecture capital of Western Xia. I seemed to hear a long lamentation from Li Yuanhao who was the founding emperor of Xi Xia Dynasty. He was expressing his deepest confession and warning. But only half a year later, there were no food and reinforcement in Zhongxing prefecture. Under this situation, the new emperor Li Xian had to surrender to Mongol nationality. At this moment, Ganghis Khan, who was already suffering from typhus and growing severe, accepted Li Xian’s surrender. In July, noblemen marched with the Mongolian army to Salichuan (it is now part of Mongolia), and Genghis Khan died in route but the word kept secret. The new Khan Ogedei, son of Genghis Khan, killed Li Xian in accordance with his father’s will and then the whole Tangut was wiped out. The fall of the Western Xia indicated that Xi Xia Dynasty lasting 189 years gone to perdition and whose powerful national spirit and arcane characters have also been destroyed. Ruled by 10 emperors, Xi Xia was a rival of the Liao and the Song and once there was a tripod complexion among them. After the country ruined and the people starving, only few of mysterious relics left including imperial tombs, Chengtian temple, twin towers in the Baisikou Pass, Heishui County.
再往前,即公元1038年10月11日,作为我国北方古代羌族中的一支——党项鲜卑族拓跋氏最杰出的人物,34岁的李元昊在英姿勃发间,不经意地掀开了中国历史崭新的一页：在兴庆府（今银川）正式称帝,国号大夏,因其地处西北又在黄河以西,固名西夏,疆域“东尽黄河、西界玉门、南接萧关,北控大漠,地方万余里”。
On October 11, 1038AD, a new stage in China has started. At his age of 34, Li Yuanhao, an elitist of Tabgatch family of Xianbei that was a tributary of ancient Qiang nationality living in south of China, was enthroned in Xingqing prefecture (now it is Yinchuan, in Ningxia) and changed the country name to Great Xia. And since it was located in the northwest of China and west of Yellow River, it was also called Western Xia. The empire, extended as far east as the Yellow River, as far as west as Yumen, as far south as Xiaoguan and as far north as the desert and the national territorial area, was more than tens of thousands of kilometers.
据史书记载,李元昊系西夏王李德明之子,小字嵬理,后更名为曩霄,“幼读诗书,对兵书更是手不释卷”,好法律、佛法、汉文等,20岁便领军作战,英勇机智,善于谋断,称帝前改唐宋所赐李姓,为嵬名氏,自诩为青天子,即所谓兀卒。
According to some historic books, Li Yuanhao, a son of former emperor Li Mingde, changed his childhood name Weili to Nangxiao. He improved his mind by extensive reading when he was young and spent most of time reading military books. In addition to this, he was interested in law, Buddhist, and Chinese characters. When he was 20 years, he led troops and showed his braveness and ability of strategies making. In the 9th year of Tiansheng of Song Ren Zong, Li Deming died and Yuanhao ascended the throne. The new emperor then refused the title conferred by the central government, replaced the surnames of Li awarded by the Chinese court Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty with Wei (on his own creation) and declared himself “Wuzu” (in ancient Chinese it means son of heaven).
元昊在位的10年,继续对大宋、吐蕃、回鹘作战,连续夺得胜利,扩展并确立了西夏的疆域；实行了许多利于发展的政策,倡导农业生产,注重手工业,尤其是铁冶业的生产发展,将西夏推向了最繁荣的时刻。此外,在原有军事组织的基础上,将十二个部落武装改编为十二个军事行政区,分别在各驻地置十二监军司,诸军兵总计五十万。除步兵外,常备军性质的还有骑兵、炮兵、“擒生军”,至于从出身豪族而擅长弓马技术的士兵中挑选出来的五千侍卫亲军,则由他亲自掌握。当时的西夏由此一跃成为西北地区一大军事强国。
During the ten years of his reign, Yuanhao continued to fight against the Song Dynasty, Tubo and Uyghur, winning the consecutive victories, so as to expand and establish the territory of Western Xia. He implemented many favorable policies to the development and under his leadership, and both agriculture production and handicraft industry got unprecedented development. In particular, the prosperous iron refining industry pushed Xi Xia successfully to go to its heyday. On top of that, on the basis of original military organization, Yuanhao reorganized the twelve tribal armed forces into military administrative regions, and set up twelve military supervisory divisions in each prefecture where the local forces consisted of roughly 500,000 soldiers. In addition to infantrymen, the standing army also included the cavalryman, the artilleryman and the “capture army” in that the enemy troops were always caught alive and then forced to become slaves. And there was another kind of troop called Zhizi Army, which was an elite force of 5000 men who were good at archery and horse riding, and this troop was under the direct control of the emperor. Selected from aristocrat families, they were actually the armed escorts of the imperial. At that time, Xi Xia became a major military power in the northwest region.
（三）
元昊一方面忙于统军治国,号令天下,另一方面却不忘将贪恋女色的本事演绎到极至——这也直接导致他最终落得没有倒在敌人手下、而是死于自己亲生儿子刀下的滑稽结局。皇帝三宫六院佳丽三千本无可厚非,可一代英豪偏偏要学靠搞“公媳恋”名垂青史的唐明皇,梦想着自己也能像隆基兄一样,与爱妃杨玉环在幽幽华清池演绎一段“在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝”的浪漫传奇,在45岁的时候他霸占了次子宁令哥年轻貌美的媳妇没移氏,立其为新皇后,并废了宁令哥的母亲野利皇后。他当然做梦也没想到,这一丧失理智的行为,不但没有让自己流芳百世,反而丢掉老命,闹出千古笑谈。
On the one hand, it’s undeniable that Yuanhao was a great ruler being busy governing the country, but on the other hand, we have to admit that he did many ridiculous things on womanizing, which resulted in his funny end, being killed by his son instead of enemies. It was common that an emperor had many concubines, but what Yuanhao done sillily was that he followed the example of Tang emperor (Li Longji). Li Long married to his son’s wife Yang Yuhuan, which transgressed the secular ethic, but they did not care about people’s attitudes and even spent great times in Huaqung Palace. A poet described their story “In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth two trees with branches interlocked forever”. Similarly, Yuanhao, at his age of 45, occupied his second son Ning Lingge’s wife (Moyi) and deposed his mother Queen Yeli. Yuanhao did not expect that his irrational behavior not only did not leave a good name forever but lose his life which has been an eternal joke in the history.
宁令哥可不像李隆基第18子寿王李瑁那样忍气吞声,党项人剽悍的血性让他不堪受此大辱。为报废母之仇,夺妻之恨,在国相没藏讹庞的挑唆下,公元1048年1月15日深夜,怒火中烧的宁令哥携手老舅野利狼烈,提刀直奔元昊耗尽巨资精心打造的奢华寝宫——天都山离宫。大门外一阵走石飞沙剑影刀光后,狼烈老舅倒在持刀侍卫脚下,宁令哥只身闯进内宅。此时,正与新欢尽享惬意、已喝得酩酊大醉的元昊还没反应过来,那只硕大高挺的狮鼻便被一刀砍落。第二天,元昊因失血过多,在又羞又恼中一命呜呼。
Ning Lingge was not like Li Longji’s 18th son Liwei who was totally a yes-man. The brutal bloodlines of Dangxiang people made him protest against his father. On a night of January 15, 1048, under the instigation of Prime Minister Mozang Pang’e, NingLingge colluded with his uncle Yeli Langlie and went to the Tiandushan Palace, a luxurious abode which was built in huge scales with huge budgets. After a fierce fight, Langlie fell down at the gate, so Ning Lingge had to break into the inner sanctum alone while Li Yuanhao was having fun with his new Queen and he was too drunk to notice that there was an assassin and his pug nose was cut off. The next day, due to excessive blood lose, Li Yuanhao passed away in regret and shame.
所以,在公元1227年夏天来临的那个特殊日子,我分明听到元昊那一声穿越时空的叹息,只是不知是对历史宿命的默认或者哀叹,还是对成吉思汗的忌妒或者仰慕？是对自己荒诞行径的忏悔与嘲讽,还是对后来者的暗喻与警示？
On that special day in the summer of 1227, I clearly heard Yuanhao’s sigh traveling through time and space. But I just did not know whether it was an approval and a lament for historical fate, or a jealousy and admiration for Genghis Khan? And I still did not know whether it was a confession and derision to his absurd behaviors, or a metaphor and warning to successors?
（四）
风雨西夏,党项烈歌。西夏在中国历史上曾经创造了灿烂的文化,而被誉为“天书”、“绝学”的西夏文字则是西夏文化中最为耀眼的明珠。
The western Xia has undergone flourishing age and hardships, with infinite regret gradually quitting the stage of history. But it has created splendid cultures, and its abstruse characters were undoubtedly the most dazzling pearl in its culture.
“ABCD,甲乙丙丁”,近年在央视春节晚会中由宁夏台送出的灯谜,或许曾让人记忆犹新,而它的谜底“西夏文字”从神秘的宁夏跳出,在眼睛一亮的同时,给世人一种全新的文化展示。
People may still remember the lantern riddles at the Spring Festival Gala sent by Ningxia channel, like “ABCD”. The answers Xi Xia characters behind these riddles stemmed from the Ningxia plain. Those characters not only left people a deep impression but displayed a brand –new cultural form.
西夏文字创制于元昊建国前的公元1036年左右,由大臣野利仁荣演绎而成。西夏文的创制参照了汉字创制的"六书"理论,即先创造了一些文字元素,即我们常说的字根或母字,然后再用合成法繁衍出更多的西夏字。在构成上可分为单纯字和合体字两大类。其笔画多在十画左右,撇、捺等斜笔较多,结构均匀,格局周正,有比较完整的构成体系和规律,具有鲜明的个性特点。
Xi Xia characters were invented by Minister Yeli Renrong in 1036AD before the founding of Yuanhao’s empire. The creation of Xi Xia script looked at the “Six Book” theory[1]. The content of this theory was that some text elements were first created namely etyma, and then more characters were multiplied by synthesis. In terms of composition, it could be divided into two categories: simple characters and combined characters. Most of these characters had ten strokes, with more oblique stroke such as left-downward slope line and short pausing stroke. The structure of all the Xi Xia characters was uniform and upright. With distinct features, Xi Xia characters have formed a relatively complete composition system and regularity.
凉州《宋史•夏国传》：“元昊自制蕃书,命野利仁荣演绎之,成十二卷,字体方整,类八分书,书颇繁复,教国人记事用蕃书。”“元昊既制蕃书,尊为国字,凡国中艺文诰牒尽易蕃书”（《西夏书事》）。可见,西夏文字创制后,元昊即下令推行国中,诏令国民悉用蕃书。以法令的形式确立了西夏文的地位,并于建国初期设立"蕃字院",选拔西夏贵族子弟加以教之,以期传播。因此西夏文字很快就在西夏国中通行。
According to the Variorum Edition of the Xia Country Biography of the Song History, Yuanhao made Fanshu[2] and asked Yeli Renrong to interpret them. It took Renrong three years to complete 12 volumes, and the font was square similar to the Bafenshu[3], although the spell of Bafenshu was too complicated to write, Yuanhao demanded civilians to write in Fanshu. After finishing the improvement of the characters, Li Yuanhao designated Fanshu as the national character, and all books and official letters were written in Fanshu. The status of Xi Xia script was established in legal form. And in the early stage of the founding of the empire, Yuanhao set up Fanziyuan[4] to spread, choosing aristocrats for admission. Therefore, there characters soon became popular throughout the country.
西夏灭亡后,西夏文字一直到明代中期尚有少数党项后裔还在使用。此后便被历史所淹没,变成了一种死亡的文字。清嘉庆九年（1804年）,在凉州发现被中外学者称为研究西夏语言文字活“字典”的《重修凉州护国寺感通塔碑》,凉州籍学者张澍根据该碑上的汉字与西夏文对照及记年,才重新确认了这种文字即是衰亡已久的西夏文,此后,他著有《西夏姓氏录》、《西夏纪年》二卷并序,成为研究当时西夏文字的绝对权威。
After the demise of Western Xia, its characters were still used by a minority of Dangxiang descendants until the middle period of the Ming Dynasty. Shortly afterwards it was abandoned by the history and no one continued to use it. In the 9th year of Jia Qing in Qing Dnasty (1804), the Liangzhou Rebuilt Gokokuji Gantong Tower Inscription was discovered in Liangzhou, which was considered as a “walking dictionary” by Chinese and overseas scholars who was studying Western Xia language. After comparing the Chinese characters on the tablet with the Xi Xia characters, Zhang Zhu, a Liangzhou native scholar, reaffirmed that these characters on the tablet were the long-term declined Xi Xia characters. Then he wrote several books such as Xi Xia Surnames and Xi Xia Chronicles consecutively, most of them which has become an absolute authority on study of Xi Xia characters.
(五)
西夏本是游牧民族,佛教东传甘肃以后,西夏内部开始创造独有的佛教艺术文化。内蒙古鄂托克旗的百眼窑石窟寺,是西夏佛教壁画艺术的宝库；在额济纳旗黑城、绿城子中发现的西夏文佛经、释迦佛塔、彩塑观音像等,则是西北荒漠的重大发现。The Tangut was originally nomadic people. With the Buddhism being spread into Gansu province, people in Xi Xia started to create its unique Buddhist art and culture. Hundred eyes kiln caves, in Otog Banner, Inner Mongolia, was a treasure house of Xi Xia Buddhist frescoes. Sutras, Sakyamuni stupas (Shakyamuni is the founder of Buddhism) and avolokitesvara statues discovered in Black city and Green city of Ejin Banner were another major discoveries in the northwest desert.
另外,不得不提到敦煌莫高窟。大庆二年（1036年）,西夏人消灭瓜州、沙州的归义军政权,开始统辖大敦煌。此时,西夏将自己的民族特色融入莫高窟中,使其更增添了几分神秘光辉。从景宗到仁宗,西夏皇帝多次下令修改莫高窟。当时莫高窟涂绿油漆,接受了几分中原文化,还有一些畏兀儿、吐鲁番风格。西夏将自己强悍的民族精神和别具一格的异域文化渗透进去,也让这座佛教建筑熠熠生辉。
When talking about grottoes, we had to mention the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. In 1036, Dangxiang people eliminated the Guiyi Army in Guazhou and Shazhou and began to rule Dunhuang. They incorporated their national features into the creation of Mogao Grottoes, adding a bit of mystery to them. From the reign of Jing Zong (Li Yuanhao) to Ren Zong (Li Renxiao), Xi Xia imperials renovated the Grottoes many times. At that time, the murals painted with green paint were a combination of Zhongyuan culture and Turpan characteristics. And the whole Mogao Grottoes was a perfect union of Xi Xia people’s intrepid national spirit and unique exotic culture.
西夏建国历史不短,但历史上记载西夏的史料很少或很不完整,主要是元朝和后代学者只承认正统地位而把西夏看作是“属国”。直到1908年,俄国学者柯兹洛夫在黑水城（今内蒙古额济纳旗境内）发现了大批西夏文物,包括佛像、法器、钱币、典籍等,其中重点是典籍,约有2.4万卷,一下填补了研究西夏历史的许多不足,自此,西夏学开始兴起,并成为国际显学。
The Western Xia lasted about 189 years, but there were few or incomplete historical records of it. The main reason was that Western Xia was seen as a client state by Yuan Dynasty and later scholars. Until 1908, the Russian scholar Kozlov discovered a number of cultural relics in Heishui County (now in the territory of Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia) including josses, implements (musical instruments were used in a Buddhist mass), coins and classics and so on and forth. These books, more than 24,000 volumes, made up for the deficiency in researching the history of Western Xia. Since then, the study of Western Xia has become an international school.
余秋雨第一次对西夏文化发表看法是在参观西夏文字展区时,当陪同人员谈到西夏文字太复杂不易推广时,余秋雨认为西夏文字的复杂至少有三层含义：第一,说明这在当时是一种贵族文明,世界上很多文明形态只有贵族和从事宗教活动的人员能够掌握；第二,西夏文字很可能有创建密码的含义,有好多法律条文、命令不希望懂汉文的人破解。在当时连年征战,甚至全民皆兵的时代背景下,军事情报的传递和保密是很重要的工作,假设一名传递情报的士兵被捕,用西夏文字书写的情报也不至于泄密。第三,西夏文字是一个族群心理自立的标志,有自己的话语系统。”
The first time Yu Qiuyu expressed his views on the Xi Xia culture was when he visited the Xi Xia characters exhibition. He said that there were three meanings behind the complexity of these characters, after the accompanying staff talked about the Xi Xia character were too complex to promote. Firstly, the characters represented a kind of noble culture. There were many civilization forms that only patricians and those who participated in religious events could have access to them. Secondly, these characters may act as codes in that Dangxiang people did not want their laws and orders to be deciphered. At that time, wars continued for years and even everyone joined the army, so the transmission and secrecy of military intelligence were extremely vital. Assuming that a soldier who transmited intelligence was arrested, the information written in Xi Xia characters would not be divulged. Thirdly, Xi Xia script was a symbol of the psychological self-reliance and one’s own discourse system of a nation.
看到西夏王朝有如此丰富的文明遗存,余秋雨感慨：“西夏文化产生了对中国历史文化一个很重要的批评,我们浩浩荡荡的24史里没有留下多少西夏的记录,由此证明,我们的书面文本看上去很完整,实际上有很多残缺。一代王朝,金戈铁马,就消失在文人非常随意的笔墨之中,这一点,非常遗憾！”
Seeing that the Western Xia had abundant cultural relics, Yu Qiuyu said: “the discoveries of Xi Xia culture reveals a shortcoming in Chinese history and culture. In the Twenty-Four Histories, there are few records about Xi Xia Dynasty, which proves that the written texts look very complete, but in fact they are still deficient. What a pity that the vicissitude of a Dynasty was recorded in such few words”.
(六)
但觉那少女吹气如兰,口脂香阵阵袭来,不由得天旋地转,全身发抖。适才黑暗之中,虚竹看不到那少女的半分容貌,但肌肤相接,柔音入耳,想像起来也必是个十分绝色的美女,听（天山）童姥说她“端丽秀雅,无双无对”,不由得长长叹了口气。唉,说是梦,又不像梦,说不像梦,又像是梦。昨晚上做了这个奇梦,今晚上又做,难道……难道,我真的和你是前世因缘么？
I felt her breath as fragrant as orchids, and the smell of her lipstick made me feel shivering and dizzy. Xu Zhu (a Shaolin monk) could not see the woman’s face, but when touching her skin and listening to her sound, he thought that she must be a stunning beauty. He remembered that Tian Shan Tong Lao (a ruthless elderly woman) said this woman is elegant and has not got married. Xu Zhu spoke in a low voice, as if to him “whether it was a dream or not; I dreamed her last night and dreamed again tonight. Did we really have predestination?”
金庸先生在小说《天龙八部》第36章的妙述,以24岁的少林和尚虚竹的视觉,给我们揭开“梦姑”—— “西夏公主”神秘莫测、美仑美奂的冰山一角。随着故事的演绎,我们的“梦郎”虚竹经历了“在少林寺里,便如在地；在灵鹫宫里,就像飞天；在西夏皇宫冰窖中,梦里真真语真幻,当是虚空”这人生三部曲,步入最高境界——武功盖世风流俊朗的“夜叉”,不仅与“梦姑”喜结连理,组成真正意义上的“梦幻情侣”,且比肩“天的代表”乔峰、“龙的化身”段誉,变身为义结金兰、冠绝天下的“武林三杰”……
Jin Yong’s wonderful narration in chapter 36 of the novel Demi-God and Semi-Devils reveals the mystery and beauty of the Western Xia princess Menggu from the perspective of the 24-year-old Shaolin monk Xu Zhu. At the meantime he and Qiao Feng and Duan Yu took oath to become sworn brothers. Qiao Feng and Duan Yu, both of them are the peerless genius in the younger generation of martial arts. After going through a series of hardships: from Shaolin Temple to Lingjiu Temple and then to Western Xia icehouse, Menglang (a nick name that corresponds to Menggu), Xu Zhu got married to the Western Xia princess and became an eminent martial artist.
因此,“梦姑”“梦郎”,梦圆梦缺,梦回西夏——在历史的拍案与文化的惊奇中,在千年浪迹与红尘一笑之间,追问或者穿越,不惟是我,而是埋藏在全人类内心深处最大的秘密。
Therefore, curiosities about Western Xia are a deep desire in the heart of all mankind, not just me. Because we are surprised by the historic culture and lost in the millennium changes after admiring these historic sites.
